Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing is recognized as an effective means for detecting drug and alcohol consumption. It offers a comprehensive record of alcohol and drug intake by embedding biomarkers within the strands of growing hair. When sampled near the scalp, hair can provide up to a 3-month period for identifying alcohol and drug presence. Hair collection is straightforward, somewhat resistant to tampering, and easy for transportation.
To obtain an optimal sample for analysis, a 1.5-inch portion comprising about 200 hair strands (around the thickness of a #2 pencil) from near the scalp is suggested, yielding 100mg of hair. For tests such as EtG, additional screens, or those exceeding 10 panels, 150mg of the hair specimen is advisable. It is recommended to measure the sample using a jeweler's scale. If head hair is unavailable, an equivalent quantity of body hair can be collected. References to head hair pertain solely to scalp hair, while body hair encompasses all other types like facial and axillary hair.
Process Overview
The laboratory processing of a drug test result consists of four principal stages including Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning marks the initial treatment of a sample within a laboratory's system, involving the verification of proper sealing and shipment, allocation of a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and finalizing any remaining data entry beyond what an electronic chain of custody system supplies.
Screening performs an initial rapid assessment for drugs of abuse, serving as a cost-efficient method to negate drug usage across most samples. However, a positive screen should gain confirmation for judicial credibility, necessitating any presumptively positive samples in Screening to undergo additional verification.
Upon identifying a sample as presumptively positive during Screening, additional hair is extracted from the original sample and subjected to the Extraction phase. Here, drugs are isolated from hair at a substantially lower concentration relative to other techniques (e.g., urine or oral fluid), making hair drug testing among the most challenging methods to execute.
Confirmation for any positive screening occurred using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptive positive samples may require washing prior to confirmation. The entire laboratory process, spanning from Accessioning to Confirmation, is scrutinized under the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and via accreditation to ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although commonly known as "hair follicle tests", the analysis pertains to the hair strand itself and not the root beneath the scalp.
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