Drug Testing Locations - Elizabeth, CO

Drug Testing in Elizabeth, CO

Elizabeth, Colorado Statistics

In 2020, Elizabeth, CO, saw a 15% increase in drug-related arrests, according to Elbert County records.

Elbert County reported a 20% rise in opioid overdoses in 2021, impacting the Elizabeth community significantly.

In 2022, Elizabeth, CO experienced a 5% decline in drug rehabilitation admissions, as per Elbert County reports.

Police in Elizabeth, CO, noted a 10% increase in methamphetamine seizures in 2021.

Elbert County surveys indicated that 12% of Elizabeth high school students had used marijuana in the past month as of 2021.

How does the body eliminate Drugs

Drug elimination is the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from the body. In the pharmacokinetic ADME scheme (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), it is frequently considered to encompass both metabolism and excretion. Hydrophobic drugs, to be excreted, must undergo metabolic modification making them more polar. Hydrophilic drugs, on the other hand, can undergo excretion directly, without the need for metabolic changes to their molecular structures.

Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.

A variety of other factors impact elimination — intrinsic drug properties, such as polarity, size, or pKa. Also other factors include genetic variation among individuals, disease states affecting other organs, and pathways involved in the way the drug distributes through the body, such as first-pass metabolism.

Issues of Concern

Drug elimination is the removal of an administered drug from the body. It is accomplished in two ways, either by excretion of an unmetabolized drug in its intact form or by metabolic biotransformation followed by excretion. While excretion is primarily carried out by the kidneys, other organ systems are involved as well. Similarly, the liver is the primary site of biotransformation, yet extrahepatic metabolism takes place in a variety of organ systems affecting multiple drugs.

Given the multiple organ systems and the variety of metabolic transformations present, drug elimination can entail a significant degree of complexity. Hydrophilic drugs are typically directly excreted by the kidneys, while hydrophobic drugs undergo biotransformation before excretion. The purpose here is twofold – biotransformation serves both detoxify the exogenous substances as well as to increase their hydrophilicity, ensuring their elimination via the kidneys.

Two broad metabolic pathways of hepatic drug transformation exist. Phase I is the direct modification of the target molecule, whereas phase II entails conjugation of the target to a polar molecule of low molecular weight. Phase I prepare the drug to enter phase II, but single-phase metabolism also exists.

Phase I involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of the exogenous molecule. These reactions are accomplished by hepatic microsomal enzymes, which reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Best known among them is the cytochrome P450 system, whose enzymes are predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism. Within the cytochrome P450 family (CYP), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of existing drugs is the CYP3A4. Its activity encompasses various classes of medications, including opioids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines, and benzodiazepines. The enzymes can also be induced or inhibited by a variety of substances they interact with, including pharmaceuticals. The increase in metabolic activity with CYP induction results in a diminished activity of drugs targeted by that particular isoform. Conversely, CYP inhibition will result in increased drug plasma concentration, potentially leading toxicity. The CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, while diltiazem, erythromycin, and grapefruit inhibit it. Caution is, therefore, necessary when administering CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the presence of any of the inhibitors or inducers.

Phase II consists of covalent bonding of polar groups to nonpolar molecules to render them water-soluble and allow renal or biliary excretion. Target molecules enter phase II directly or via initial processing through phase I. A variety of polar adjuncts is transferred, including amino acids, glucuronic acid, glutathione, acetate, and sulfate. Glucuronidation is one of the major pathways of phase II biotransformation. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family performs this activity. Typically, glucuronide derivatives possess less or no activity of the original drug, but in some cases, pharmacologically active compounds result. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of morphine with significant analgesic activity. As with the CYP enzymes, inducers, and inhibitors of phase II, enzymes exist and may influence the efficacy of drugs that rely on conjugation before excretion.

The first-pass effect is a feature of hepatic metabolism that also plays a role in the elimination of multiple drugs. Here, the enteric consumed drugs are exposed directly to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo biotransformation before entering the systemic circulation. This activity reduces the bioavailability and needs to be factored into the dose administered to the patient. Intravenously administered drugs are not subject to the first-pass effect.

Extrahepatic drug metabolism takes place in the GI tract, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and skin.

Renal excretion completes the process of elimination that begins in the liver. Polar drugs or their metabolites get filtered in the kidneys and typically do not undergo reabsorption. They subsequently get excreted in the urine. Urinary pH has a significant impact on excretion, as drug ionization changes depending on the alkaline or acidic environment. Increased excretion occurs with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine.

Excretion in the bile is another significant form of drug elimination. The liver can actively secrete ionized drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300 g/mol into bile, from where they reach the digestive tract and are either eliminated in feces or reabsorbed as part of the enterohepatic cycle.

Other pathways of excretion include the lungs, breast milk, sweat, saliva, and tears

Employers in Elizabeth, CO & Drug Testing Policies

Employers in Elizabeth, CO, are increasingly instituting drug testing policies to combat workplace drug abuse. Many companies participate in the Drug-Free Workplace Program, utilizing resources from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

Local employers often require pre-employment drug screenings and random testing for employees. These measures ensure a productive and safe work environment, particularly in industries where safety is a priority.

Elizabeth businesses are also encouraged to offer Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) to support workers struggling with substance abuse. This approach aligns with state and federal guidelines encouraging drug-free workplaces.

Government Efforts with Drug Problems in Elizabeth, CO

The government of Elizabeth, CO, in Elbert County, has been proactive in addressing the drug problem. In recent years, local authorities have collaborated with the Elbert County Government and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to implement community education programs.

Furthermore, partnerships with federal agencies such as the DEA have been established to improve law enforcement's ability to handle drug-related issues. These efforts aim to reduce the prevalence of drug abuse within Elizabeth and ensure a safer community.

Local Drug Busts & News in Elizabeth, CO

Elizabeth, CO, has witnessed several significant drug-related events, highlighting the ongoing challenge of drug abuse in the area. In 2021, Elbert County law enforcement conducted a major drug bust, seizing substantial quantities of methamphetamines and other narcotics.

The collaborative efforts between local police and federal agencies have strengthened drug enforcement in the region. Such operations often result in multiple arrests, including the dismantling of organized drug networks that operate within and outside Elizabeth.

Community awareness programs have been launched following these events, aiming to educate residents about the dangers of drug abuse and promoting resources available for those seeking help.

Occupational Health Services

Accredited Drug Testing offers fast, reliable employment screening services in Elizabeth, CO. Trusted by employers nationwide for accurate results and exceptional service.

Colorado DOT/Non DOT Physicals

Colorado Vision Tests

Colorado Audiograms

Colorado Respirator Fit Tests

Colorado Lift Tests

Colorado Background Checks

Clinical Testing Services

TB Testing in CO

Diabetes Testing in CO

Infectious Disease Testing in CO

Sickle Cell Anemia Testing in CO

Women/Men's Health Testing in CO

Resources & Citations

Denver Government

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

DEA

SAMHSA

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

National Institute of Mental Health

Colorado Department of Human Services

UCHealth

Drug Testing Near Elizabeth, CO

Dove Valley, CO

Foxfield, CO

Meridian, CO

Larkspur, CO

Castle Pines, CO

Cottonwood, CO

Grand View Estates, CO

Castle Pines North, CO

Stonegate, CO

Parker, CO

Castle Rock, CO

The Pinery, CO

Franktown, CO

Ponderosa Park, CO

Frequently Asked Questions

Customer Reviews