Drug Testing Locations - Saint Georges, DE

Drug Testing in Saint Georges, DE

Saint Georges, Delaware Statistics

Recent data indicate a rise in opioid overdoses in Saint Georges, New Castle County.

New Castle County reported a 15% increase in drug-related ER visits.

27% of drug arrests in New Castle County were linked to heroin.

Marijuana was the most seized drug in New Castle County in 2022.

Saint Georges saw a 10% increase in drug-related DUI arrests.

Fentanyl is implicated in 60% of overdose deaths in New Castle County.

How does the body eliminate Drugs

Drug elimination is the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from the body. In the pharmacokinetic ADME scheme (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), it is frequently considered to encompass both metabolism and excretion. Hydrophobic drugs, to be excreted, must undergo metabolic modification making them more polar. Hydrophilic drugs, on the other hand, can undergo excretion directly, without the need for metabolic changes to their molecular structures.

Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.

A variety of other factors impact elimination — intrinsic drug properties, such as polarity, size, or pKa. Also other factors include genetic variation among individuals, disease states affecting other organs, and pathways involved in the way the drug distributes through the body, such as first-pass metabolism.

Issues of Concern

Drug elimination is the removal of an administered drug from the body. It is accomplished in two ways, either by excretion of an unmetabolized drug in its intact form or by metabolic biotransformation followed by excretion. While excretion is primarily carried out by the kidneys, other organ systems are involved as well. Similarly, the liver is the primary site of biotransformation, yet extrahepatic metabolism takes place in a variety of organ systems affecting multiple drugs.

Given the multiple organ systems and the variety of metabolic transformations present, drug elimination can entail a significant degree of complexity. Hydrophilic drugs are typically directly excreted by the kidneys, while hydrophobic drugs undergo biotransformation before excretion. The purpose here is twofold – biotransformation serves both detoxify the exogenous substances as well as to increase their hydrophilicity, ensuring their elimination via the kidneys.

Two broad metabolic pathways of hepatic drug transformation exist. Phase I is the direct modification of the target molecule, whereas phase II entails conjugation of the target to a polar molecule of low molecular weight. Phase I prepare the drug to enter phase II, but single-phase metabolism also exists.

Phase I involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of the exogenous molecule. These reactions are accomplished by hepatic microsomal enzymes, which reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Best known among them is the cytochrome P450 system, whose enzymes are predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism. Within the cytochrome P450 family (CYP), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of existing drugs is the CYP3A4. Its activity encompasses various classes of medications, including opioids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines, and benzodiazepines. The enzymes can also be induced or inhibited by a variety of substances they interact with, including pharmaceuticals. The increase in metabolic activity with CYP induction results in a diminished activity of drugs targeted by that particular isoform. Conversely, CYP inhibition will result in increased drug plasma concentration, potentially leading toxicity. The CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, while diltiazem, erythromycin, and grapefruit inhibit it. Caution is, therefore, necessary when administering CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the presence of any of the inhibitors or inducers.

Phase II consists of covalent bonding of polar groups to nonpolar molecules to render them water-soluble and allow renal or biliary excretion. Target molecules enter phase II directly or via initial processing through phase I. A variety of polar adjuncts is transferred, including amino acids, glucuronic acid, glutathione, acetate, and sulfate. Glucuronidation is one of the major pathways of phase II biotransformation. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family performs this activity. Typically, glucuronide derivatives possess less or no activity of the original drug, but in some cases, pharmacologically active compounds result. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of morphine with significant analgesic activity. As with the CYP enzymes, inducers, and inhibitors of phase II, enzymes exist and may influence the efficacy of drugs that rely on conjugation before excretion.

The first-pass effect is a feature of hepatic metabolism that also plays a role in the elimination of multiple drugs. Here, the enteric consumed drugs are exposed directly to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo biotransformation before entering the systemic circulation. This activity reduces the bioavailability and needs to be factored into the dose administered to the patient. Intravenously administered drugs are not subject to the first-pass effect.

Extrahepatic drug metabolism takes place in the GI tract, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and skin.

Renal excretion completes the process of elimination that begins in the liver. Polar drugs or their metabolites get filtered in the kidneys and typically do not undergo reabsorption. They subsequently get excreted in the urine. Urinary pH has a significant impact on excretion, as drug ionization changes depending on the alkaline or acidic environment. Increased excretion occurs with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine.

Excretion in the bile is another significant form of drug elimination. The liver can actively secrete ionized drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300 g/mol into bile, from where they reach the digestive tract and are either eliminated in feces or reabsorbed as part of the enterohepatic cycle.

Other pathways of excretion include the lungs, breast milk, sweat, saliva, and tears

Employers in Saint Georges, DE & Drug Testing Policies

Employers in Saint Georges, DE are implementing drug testing policies to curb substance abuse in the workplace. Regular testing is often conducted during hiring and periodically thereafter. Information on workplace substance abuse prevention can be found on OSHA's site at www.osha.gov.

Many employers refer to the Delaware Department of Labor's guidelines on drug testing which are essential for maintaining a safe work environment. Details can be explored at the Delaware DOL website.

Government Efforts with Drug Problems in Saint Georges, DE

Government initiatives in Saint Georges, DE are geared towards addressing drug abuse through various programs. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) provides financial support to local agencies for education and prevention.

At the state level, efforts include funding from the Delaware Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health (DSAMH). The agency focuses on treatment and rehabilitation, as detailed at Delaware DHSS DSAMH. These collaborations aim to lower drug abuse rates in Saint Georges and New Castle County.

Local Drug Busts & News in Saint Georges, DE

Local authorities in Saint Georges, DE have been active in conducting drug busts to combat illegal drug distribution. Recently, a significant raid in New Castle County led to the confiscation of several kilograms of cocaine and methamphetamine.

Community events are also organized to raise awareness on drug problems. Workshops on drug abuse prevention have been hosted by local nonprofit organizations, collaborating with the police department and educational institutions.

Occupational Health Services

Accredited Drug Testing offers fast, reliable employment screening services in Saint Georges, DE. Trusted by employers nationwide for accurate results and exceptional service.

Delaware DOT/Non DOT Physicals

Delaware Vision Tests

Delaware Audiograms

Delaware Respirator Fit Tests

Delaware Lift Tests

Delaware Background Checks

Clinical Testing Services

TB Testing in DE

Diabetes Testing in DE

Infectious Disease Testing in DE

Sickle Cell Anemia Testing in DE

Women/Men's Health Testing in DE

Resources & Citations

Help is Here DE

Brandywine Counseling & Community Services

Delaware Nar-Anon

The Salvation Army Delaware

Delaware Psychiatry & Behavioral Health Services

Narcotics Anonymous Delaware

NAMI Delaware

Caron Treatment Centers

New Directions Delaware

Addiction Center Delaware

Drug Testing Near Saint Georges, DE

Minquadale, DE

Roseville Park, DE

Collins Park, DE

New Castle, DE

Greater Newark, DE

Wilmington Manor, DE

Ogletown, DE

Brookside, DE

Upper Christiana, DE

Pleasantville, DE

Christiana, DE

Odessa, DE

Central Pencader, DE

Bear, DE

Red Lion, DE

Frequently Asked Questions

Customer Reviews