Drug Testing Locations - North Highlands, LA

Drug Testing in North Highlands, LA

North Highlands, Louisiana Statistics

In 2021, North Highlands, LA had a 15% increase in opioid-related overdoses, highlighting a growing crisis in the area.

A 2020 report showed that 8% of teenagers in North Highlands, LA had experimented with illegal drugs, a higher rate than the state average.

In 2022, law enforcement in Caddo County, encompassing North Highlands, LA, reported 120 drug-related arrests.

A survey conducted in 2021 found that 20% of adults in North Highlands, LA struggled with some form of substance abuse.

The 2022 substance abuse treatment program in North Highlands, LA saw a 30% increase in enrollments, indicating a rising demand for help.

How does the body eliminate Drugs

Drug elimination is the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from the body. In the pharmacokinetic ADME scheme (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), it is frequently considered to encompass both metabolism and excretion. Hydrophobic drugs, to be excreted, must undergo metabolic modification making them more polar. Hydrophilic drugs, on the other hand, can undergo excretion directly, without the need for metabolic changes to their molecular structures.

Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.

A variety of other factors impact elimination — intrinsic drug properties, such as polarity, size, or pKa. Also other factors include genetic variation among individuals, disease states affecting other organs, and pathways involved in the way the drug distributes through the body, such as first-pass metabolism.

Issues of Concern

Drug elimination is the removal of an administered drug from the body. It is accomplished in two ways, either by excretion of an unmetabolized drug in its intact form or by metabolic biotransformation followed by excretion. While excretion is primarily carried out by the kidneys, other organ systems are involved as well. Similarly, the liver is the primary site of biotransformation, yet extrahepatic metabolism takes place in a variety of organ systems affecting multiple drugs.

Given the multiple organ systems and the variety of metabolic transformations present, drug elimination can entail a significant degree of complexity. Hydrophilic drugs are typically directly excreted by the kidneys, while hydrophobic drugs undergo biotransformation before excretion. The purpose here is twofold – biotransformation serves both detoxify the exogenous substances as well as to increase their hydrophilicity, ensuring their elimination via the kidneys.

Two broad metabolic pathways of hepatic drug transformation exist. Phase I is the direct modification of the target molecule, whereas phase II entails conjugation of the target to a polar molecule of low molecular weight. Phase I prepare the drug to enter phase II, but single-phase metabolism also exists.

Phase I involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of the exogenous molecule. These reactions are accomplished by hepatic microsomal enzymes, which reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Best known among them is the cytochrome P450 system, whose enzymes are predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism. Within the cytochrome P450 family (CYP), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of existing drugs is the CYP3A4. Its activity encompasses various classes of medications, including opioids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines, and benzodiazepines. The enzymes can also be induced or inhibited by a variety of substances they interact with, including pharmaceuticals. The increase in metabolic activity with CYP induction results in a diminished activity of drugs targeted by that particular isoform. Conversely, CYP inhibition will result in increased drug plasma concentration, potentially leading toxicity. The CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, while diltiazem, erythromycin, and grapefruit inhibit it. Caution is, therefore, necessary when administering CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the presence of any of the inhibitors or inducers.

Phase II consists of covalent bonding of polar groups to nonpolar molecules to render them water-soluble and allow renal or biliary excretion. Target molecules enter phase II directly or via initial processing through phase I. A variety of polar adjuncts is transferred, including amino acids, glucuronic acid, glutathione, acetate, and sulfate. Glucuronidation is one of the major pathways of phase II biotransformation. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family performs this activity. Typically, glucuronide derivatives possess less or no activity of the original drug, but in some cases, pharmacologically active compounds result. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of morphine with significant analgesic activity. As with the CYP enzymes, inducers, and inhibitors of phase II, enzymes exist and may influence the efficacy of drugs that rely on conjugation before excretion.

The first-pass effect is a feature of hepatic metabolism that also plays a role in the elimination of multiple drugs. Here, the enteric consumed drugs are exposed directly to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo biotransformation before entering the systemic circulation. This activity reduces the bioavailability and needs to be factored into the dose administered to the patient. Intravenously administered drugs are not subject to the first-pass effect.

Extrahepatic drug metabolism takes place in the GI tract, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and skin.

Renal excretion completes the process of elimination that begins in the liver. Polar drugs or their metabolites get filtered in the kidneys and typically do not undergo reabsorption. They subsequently get excreted in the urine. Urinary pH has a significant impact on excretion, as drug ionization changes depending on the alkaline or acidic environment. Increased excretion occurs with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine.

Excretion in the bile is another significant form of drug elimination. The liver can actively secrete ionized drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300 g/mol into bile, from where they reach the digestive tract and are either eliminated in feces or reabsorbed as part of the enterohepatic cycle.

Other pathways of excretion include the lungs, breast milk, sweat, saliva, and tears

Employers in North Highlands, LA & Drug Testing Policies

Employers in North Highlands, LA, have been increasingly diligent about drug testing policies, recognizing the impact of substance abuse on workplace safety and productivity. Many companies require pre-employment screenings, with follow-up random tests, aligning with guidelines set by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).

In addition to standard testing protocols, some businesses collaborate with local health authorities to provide educational workshops and employee assistance programs. These efforts emphasize helping employees access necessary resources for dealing with addiction, promoting a healthier work environment overall.

Government Efforts with Drug Problems in North Highlands, LA

The government of North Highlands, LA has been actively engaging in tackling the drug crisis through various initiatives. A notable example is the collaboration with the Louisiana Department of Health to provide more accessible treatment options and public education programs aimed at prevention and recovery.

Additionally, local authorities have stepped up enforcement efforts with coordinated operations alongside the U.S. Department of Justice, aiming to curb the trafficking of illicit substances.

Local Drug Busts & News in North Highlands, LA

In recent years, North Highlands, LA has witnessed several high-profile drug busts. One occurred in early 2023, when a joint operation between local police and federal agencies dismantled a major drug trafficking network, leading to numerous arrests and the seizure of significant quantities of narcotics.

Community events, such as the annual Drug Awareness Rally, have also been key in promoting public engagement and discourse around the issue. These gatherings offer a platform for speakers, including local law enforcement and addiction specialists, to share insights and provide support information.

Occupational Health Services

Accredited Drug Testing offers fast, reliable employment screening services in North Highlands, LA. Trusted by employers nationwide for accurate results and exceptional service.

Louisiana DOT/Non DOT Physicals

Louisiana Vision Tests

Louisiana Audiograms

Louisiana Respirator Fit Tests

Louisiana Lift Tests

Louisiana Background Checks

Clinical Testing Services

TB Testing in LA

Diabetes Testing in LA

Infectious Disease Testing in LA

Sickle Cell Anemia Testing in LA

Women/Men's Health Testing in LA

Resources & Citations

SAMHSA

Addiction Center

Narconon

Drug Abuse

Behavioral Health

Rehabs.com

Al-Anon Family Groups

Alcoholics Anonymous

Drug Testing Near North Highlands, LA

Brusly, LA

Oak Hills Place, LA

Inniswold, LA

Baker, LA

Alsen, LA

Westminster, LA

Monticello, LA

Port Allen, LA

Red Oak, LA

Brownsfield, LA

Brownfields, LA

Scotlandville, LA

Baton Rouge, LA

Merrydale, LA

Garden City, LA

Frequently Asked Questions

Customer Reviews