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Accredited Drug Testing provides extensive drug and alcohol screening services across 29 locations in Keystone, West Virginia. Our offerings include both DOT and non-DOT urine drug tests, breathalyzer tests, EtG alcohol assessments, and hair follicle tests, catering to individuals, employers, and legal requirements. In Keystone, WV, we ensure quick result testing and SAMSA-certified lab analysis, with same-day service and most centers conveniently located just minutes from homes or offices. Our suite of services also covers Occupational Health Testing, Clinical Testing, and Background Checks.
Dial (800) 221-4291 or register via our website to book your test. Select your required test and a nearby center—it’s that simple to get tested for yourself, employees, or someone else. Arranging a test is Quick and Convenient; contact our scheduling team or book online 24/7. Our efficient and accessible system makes it simple to set up drug testing in Keystone with ease.
* You must register by phone or online to receive your donor pass/registration prior to proceeding to the testing center. You must bring a valid government issued ID along with the registration/barcode number which was sent to you by email.
When you're searching for drug testing near me or drug testing locations, we provide a simple and convenient process to find a drug and alcohol testing location near you that is certified to provide all of your drug and alcohol testing needs.
At our Keystone drug testing collection sites, Accredited Drug Testing provides one of the widest selections of drug and alcohol testing services available. Whether you're an employer, attorney, court, or private individual, we offer both DOT and non-DOT testing options—ranging from rapid tests to comprehensive lab-based screenings—capable of detecting nearly any substance.
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If you're an employer needing to test 25 or more employees and looking to save time and money, we offer mobile on-site drug testing where we come to you. Call us today for more information.
In 2021, McDowell County, where Keystone is located, reported a 32% increase in drug-related arrests.
McDowell County reported a drug overdose death rate of 80 per 100,000 residents in 2020.
In 2019, Keystone, WV was identified as having one of the highest opioid prescription rates in the state.
A 2020 survey showed 15% of residents in McDowell County had used illicit drugs within the past year.
In 2021, McDowell County schools in Keystone saw a 20% increase in student drug prevention program participation.
Drug elimination is the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from the body. In the pharmacokinetic ADME scheme (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), it is frequently considered to encompass both metabolism and excretion. Hydrophobic drugs, to be excreted, must undergo metabolic modification making them more polar. Hydrophilic drugs, on the other hand, can undergo excretion directly, without the need for metabolic changes to their molecular structures.
Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.
A variety of other factors impact elimination — intrinsic drug properties, such as polarity, size, or pKa. Also other factors include genetic variation among individuals, disease states affecting other organs, and pathways involved in the way the drug distributes through the body, such as first-pass metabolism.
Drug elimination is the removal of an administered drug from the body. It is accomplished in two ways, either by excretion of an unmetabolized drug in its intact form or by metabolic biotransformation followed by excretion. While excretion is primarily carried out by the kidneys, other organ systems are involved as well. Similarly, the liver is the primary site of biotransformation, yet extrahepatic metabolism takes place in a variety of organ systems affecting multiple drugs.
Given the multiple organ systems and the variety of metabolic transformations present, drug elimination can entail a significant degree of complexity. Hydrophilic drugs are typically directly excreted by the kidneys, while hydrophobic drugs undergo biotransformation before excretion. The purpose here is twofold – biotransformation serves both detoxify the exogenous substances as well as to increase their hydrophilicity, ensuring their elimination via the kidneys.
Two broad metabolic pathways of hepatic drug transformation exist. Phase I is the direct modification of the target molecule, whereas phase II entails conjugation of the target to a polar molecule of low molecular weight. Phase I prepare the drug to enter phase II, but single-phase metabolism also exists.
Phase I involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of the exogenous molecule. These reactions are accomplished by hepatic microsomal enzymes, which reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Best known among them is the cytochrome P450 system, whose enzymes are predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism. Within the cytochrome P450 family (CYP), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of existing drugs is the CYP3A4. Its activity encompasses various classes of medications, including opioids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines, and benzodiazepines. The enzymes can also be induced or inhibited by a variety of substances they interact with, including pharmaceuticals. The increase in metabolic activity with CYP induction results in a diminished activity of drugs targeted by that particular isoform. Conversely, CYP inhibition will result in increased drug plasma concentration, potentially leading toxicity. The CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, while diltiazem, erythromycin, and grapefruit inhibit it. Caution is, therefore, necessary when administering CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the presence of any of the inhibitors or inducers.
Phase II consists of covalent bonding of polar groups to nonpolar molecules to render them water-soluble and allow renal or biliary excretion. Target molecules enter phase II directly or via initial processing through phase I. A variety of polar adjuncts is transferred, including amino acids, glucuronic acid, glutathione, acetate, and sulfate. Glucuronidation is one of the major pathways of phase II biotransformation. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family performs this activity. Typically, glucuronide derivatives possess less or no activity of the original drug, but in some cases, pharmacologically active compounds result. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of morphine with significant analgesic activity. As with the CYP enzymes, inducers, and inhibitors of phase II, enzymes exist and may influence the efficacy of drugs that rely on conjugation before excretion.
The first-pass effect is a feature of hepatic metabolism that also plays a role in the elimination of multiple drugs. Here, the enteric consumed drugs are exposed directly to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo biotransformation before entering the systemic circulation. This activity reduces the bioavailability and needs to be factored into the dose administered to the patient. Intravenously administered drugs are not subject to the first-pass effect.
Extrahepatic drug metabolism takes place in the GI tract, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and skin.
Renal excretion completes the process of elimination that begins in the liver. Polar drugs or their metabolites get filtered in the kidneys and typically do not undergo reabsorption. They subsequently get excreted in the urine. Urinary pH has a significant impact on excretion, as drug ionization changes depending on the alkaline or acidic environment. Increased excretion occurs with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine.
Excretion in the bile is another significant form of drug elimination. The liver can actively secrete ionized drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300 g/mol into bile, from where they reach the digestive tract and are either eliminated in feces or reabsorbed as part of the enterohepatic cycle.
Other pathways of excretion include the lungs, breast milk, sweat, saliva, and tears
Employers in Keystone, within McDowell County, are actively involved in implementing drug-free workplace policies to ensure safety and productivity. Many local businesses adhere to regulations enforced by the U.S. Department of Labor, which offer guidelines on maintaining a drug-free work environment. These policies typically include pre-employment, random, and post-accident drug testing.
Additionally, the West Virginia Chamber of Commerce provides resources to help local employers design comprehensive drug-testing policies. This support is crucial for aligning with state laws that promote safe workplaces in Keystone. Employers are encouraged to foster rehabilitation programs and support for workers struggling with addiction.
The West Virginia government has implemented several strategies to tackle the drug problem in Keystone, found in McDowell County. The state's Bureau for Behavioral Health administers state-funded treatment services and prevention programs. Additionally, collaborations with community organizations aim to provide support for those affected by addiction.
Further initiatives include the deployment of specialized task forces in McDowell County, working in association with state law enforcement. These efforts aim to reduce drug trafficking and substance abuse rates through increased policing and awareness campaigns. The state's Department of Homeland Security is also pivotal in coordinating these responses.
In recent years, law enforcement agencies in Keystone, WV have increased efforts to combat drug trafficking and abuse. A significant drug bust in 2021 led to the arrest of multiple individuals involved in a large-scale distribution network operating in McDowell County. This operation, conducted in collaboration with state task forces, resulted in the seizure of various narcotics.
Furthermore, community-led events aimed at promoting awareness about the dangers of drug abuse have gained traction in Keystone. These events often involve local schools and health organizations, working together to educate residents about prevention and treatment options available in McDowell County.
Accredited Drug Testing offers fast, reliable employment screening services in Keystone, WV. Trusted by employers nationwide for accurate results and exceptional service.
West Virginia DOT/Non DOT Physicals
Help4WV
Prestera Center
WV Bureau for Behavioral Health
Recovery West Virginia
Mountain State Centers
SAMHSA
West Virginia Government
Narcotics Anonymous West Virginia
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Trish last week and Tatiana this week, very fun and easy folks to deal with. Well be using them more and more in the future.
Tom O - 12/19/2024
Trish was amazing and got me through the sytem very fast and swift. I had a hard time hearing her a couple of times, but she was super sweet and helpful throughout the process. Highly recommend her!
Sophia Schutze - 6/19/2024
I've had to use this service twice for out of state physicians we've hired and both times it was super easy. Both customer service reps I spoke with were super helpful and courteous. I won't hesitate to use their service again if needed.
Alicia Rau - 6/19/2024