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In Smithfield, West Virginia, Accredited Drug Testing provides a wide range of drug and alcohol screenings through 38 local centers. Our services encompass both DOT and non-DOT urine tests, breath alcohol assessments, EtG alcohol examinations, and hair drug evaluations, catering to individuals, companies, and legal purposes. Rapid results and SAMSA certified lab analysis are offered, ensuring swift same-day service at most Smithfield locations, conveniently situated near your home or office. We also conduct Occupational Health Testing, Clinical Testing, and Background Checks.
Contact us at (800) 221-4291 or register online today. Simply select the needed test and choose a nearby location. Whether for personal, employee, or third-party testing, our Fast and Easy scheduling is just a phone call away, or you can book online anytime. Our intuitive process lets you arrange drug testing locally near Smithfield with ease.
* You must register by phone or online to receive your donor pass/registration prior to proceeding to the testing center. You must bring a valid government issued ID along with the registration/barcode number which was sent to you by email.
When you're searching for drug testing near me or drug testing locations, we provide a simple and convenient process to find a drug and alcohol testing location near you that is certified to provide all of your drug and alcohol testing needs.
At our Smithfield drug testing collection sites, Accredited Drug Testing provides one of the widest selections of drug and alcohol testing services available. Whether you're an employer, attorney, court, or private individual, we offer both DOT and non-DOT testing options—ranging from rapid tests to comprehensive lab-based screenings—capable of detecting nearly any substance.
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If you're an employer needing to test 25 or more employees and looking to save time and money, we offer mobile on-site drug testing where we come to you. Call us today for more information.
In 2022, there were 120 drug-related arrests in Smithfield, Wetzel County.
Smithfield reported a 35% increase in opioid overdoses in the past year, according to county health officials.
Wetzel County health services noted a 50% increase in Narcan distributions in Smithfield in 2023.
A 2022 survey reported that 15% of high school students in Smithfield, Wetzel County, experimented with illicit drugs.
Emergency room visits due to drug overdoses in Smithfield rose by 22% over the past two years.
Drug elimination is the sum of the processes of removing an administered drug from the body. In the pharmacokinetic ADME scheme (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), it is frequently considered to encompass both metabolism and excretion. Hydrophobic drugs, to be excreted, must undergo metabolic modification making them more polar. Hydrophilic drugs, on the other hand, can undergo excretion directly, without the need for metabolic changes to their molecular structures.
Although many sites of metabolism and excretion exist, the chief organ of metabolism is the liver, while the organ primarily tasked with excretion is the kidney. Any significant dysfunction in either organ can result in the accumulation of the drug or its metabolites in toxic concentrations.
A variety of other factors impact elimination — intrinsic drug properties, such as polarity, size, or pKa. Also other factors include genetic variation among individuals, disease states affecting other organs, and pathways involved in the way the drug distributes through the body, such as first-pass metabolism.
Drug elimination is the removal of an administered drug from the body. It is accomplished in two ways, either by excretion of an unmetabolized drug in its intact form or by metabolic biotransformation followed by excretion. While excretion is primarily carried out by the kidneys, other organ systems are involved as well. Similarly, the liver is the primary site of biotransformation, yet extrahepatic metabolism takes place in a variety of organ systems affecting multiple drugs.
Given the multiple organ systems and the variety of metabolic transformations present, drug elimination can entail a significant degree of complexity. Hydrophilic drugs are typically directly excreted by the kidneys, while hydrophobic drugs undergo biotransformation before excretion. The purpose here is twofold – biotransformation serves both detoxify the exogenous substances as well as to increase their hydrophilicity, ensuring their elimination via the kidneys.
Two broad metabolic pathways of hepatic drug transformation exist. Phase I is the direct modification of the target molecule, whereas phase II entails conjugation of the target to a polar molecule of low molecular weight. Phase I prepare the drug to enter phase II, but single-phase metabolism also exists.
Phase I involves oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis of the exogenous molecule. These reactions are accomplished by hepatic microsomal enzymes, which reside in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Best known among them is the cytochrome P450 system, whose enzymes are predominantly involved in oxidative metabolism. Within the cytochrome P450 family (CYP), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of more than 50% of existing drugs is the CYP3A4. Its activity encompasses various classes of medications, including opioids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines, and benzodiazepines. The enzymes can also be induced or inhibited by a variety of substances they interact with, including pharmaceuticals. The increase in metabolic activity with CYP induction results in a diminished activity of drugs targeted by that particular isoform. Conversely, CYP inhibition will result in increased drug plasma concentration, potentially leading toxicity. The CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin, phenobarbital, and St. John's wort, while diltiazem, erythromycin, and grapefruit inhibit it. Caution is, therefore, necessary when administering CYP3A4-metabolized drugs in the presence of any of the inhibitors or inducers.
Phase II consists of covalent bonding of polar groups to nonpolar molecules to render them water-soluble and allow renal or biliary excretion. Target molecules enter phase II directly or via initial processing through phase I. A variety of polar adjuncts is transferred, including amino acids, glucuronic acid, glutathione, acetate, and sulfate. Glucuronidation is one of the major pathways of phase II biotransformation. The UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme family performs this activity. Typically, glucuronide derivatives possess less or no activity of the original drug, but in some cases, pharmacologically active compounds result. Morphine-6-glucuronide is a phase II metabolite of morphine with significant analgesic activity. As with the CYP enzymes, inducers, and inhibitors of phase II, enzymes exist and may influence the efficacy of drugs that rely on conjugation before excretion.
The first-pass effect is a feature of hepatic metabolism that also plays a role in the elimination of multiple drugs. Here, the enteric consumed drugs are exposed directly to the liver via the portal vein, where they undergo biotransformation before entering the systemic circulation. This activity reduces the bioavailability and needs to be factored into the dose administered to the patient. Intravenously administered drugs are not subject to the first-pass effect.
Extrahepatic drug metabolism takes place in the GI tract, kidneys, lungs, plasma, and skin.
Renal excretion completes the process of elimination that begins in the liver. Polar drugs or their metabolites get filtered in the kidneys and typically do not undergo reabsorption. They subsequently get excreted in the urine. Urinary pH has a significant impact on excretion, as drug ionization changes depending on the alkaline or acidic environment. Increased excretion occurs with weakly acidic drugs in basic urine and weakly basic drugs in acidic urine.
Excretion in the bile is another significant form of drug elimination. The liver can actively secrete ionized drugs with a molecular weight greater than 300 g/mol into bile, from where they reach the digestive tract and are either eliminated in feces or reabsorbed as part of the enterohepatic cycle.
Other pathways of excretion include the lungs, breast milk, sweat, saliva, and tears
Employers in Smithfield, WV, actively enforce drug-free workplace policies. Many businesses use guidelines and support from the West Virginia Division of Labor (WV DOL) to implement regular drug testing as a preventative measure.
Alongside mandatory testing, employers also offer resources for employees needing assistance, often partnering with local health services. This dual approach ensures compliance and supports workforce health in Smithfield.
Additionally, the local chamber of commerce supports workshops and informational sessions about the impact of drug abuse on productivity and safety, reinforcing the importance of these policies.
Smithfield, WV, has seen concerted efforts from both local and state government to combat drug abuse. The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources (WV DHHR) has been key in providing resources and support for prevention and treatment initiatives.
Moreover, local initiatives in Wetzel County involve collaboration with law enforcement agencies to conduct drug awareness and prevention programs in Smithfield schools and community centers. Federal grants have also funded rehabilitation programs and outreach efforts in the city.
In recent years, Smithfield, WV, witnessed several significant drug busts. In 2023, a coordinated operation led by the Wetzel County Sheriff's Department resulted in the seizure of large quantities of opioids, reducing the supply in Smithfield significantly.
Local community events focus on awareness and prevention strategies. Each summer, Smithfield hosts a 'Community Drug Awareness Day' featuring workshops and presentations by health professionals and law enforcement.
Another notable activity was a 'Take Back Day,' organized by the Smithfield police department, aiming to safely collect and dispose of expired or unused medications, which saw substantial community participation.
Accredited Drug Testing offers fast, reliable employment screening services in Smithfield, WV. Trusted by employers nationwide for accurate results and exceptional service.
West Virginia DOT/Non DOT Physicals
West Virginia Bureau for Public Health
West Virginia Public Broadcasting
Prestera Center for Mental Health Services
Valley HealthCare System
Harrison-Clarksburg Health Department
Marshall Health Addiction Medicine
Milan Puskar Health Right
West Virginia Corrections
Greenbrier Valley Medical Center
Appalachian Community Health Center
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Trish last week and Tatiana this week, very fun and easy folks to deal with. Well be using them more and more in the future.
Tom O - 12/19/2024
Trish was amazing and got me through the sytem very fast and swift. I had a hard time hearing her a couple of times, but she was super sweet and helpful throughout the process. Highly recommend her!
Sophia Schutze - 6/19/2024
I've had to use this service twice for out of state physicians we've hired and both times it was super easy. Both customer service reps I spoke with were super helpful and courteous. I won't hesitate to use their service again if needed.
Alicia Rau - 6/19/2024