Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
The use of hair testing has emerged as a robust method for detecting drug and alcohol consumption. Hair captures a prolonged record of alcohol and drug use by embedding biomarkers within the fibers of the hair as it grows. Hair collected near the scalp can offer a detection period of around three months for alcohol and drugs. The collection process is straightforward, it's relatively hard to tamper with, and convenient for shipping.
A hair sample measuring 1.5 inches and containing roughly 200 strands (comparable to a #2 pencil) close to the scalp yields 100mg of hair, which is the optimal quantity for both screening and confirmation. For EtG, add-ons, or tests involving more than 10 panels, 150mg is advisable. It's suggested to use a jeweler’s scale for precise measurement. Should scalp hair be unavailable, an equivalent amount of body hair can be gathered. 'Head hair' refers exclusively to scalp hair, whereas 'body hair' pertains to everything else (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The procedure for processing drug test outcomes in a lab includes four primary steps: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
During Accessioning, the initial handling of a sample into a lab’s system is undertaken. This step involves ensuring the sample was sealed and transported correctly, allocating a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and finishing any further data entry absent in an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening entails a basic check for drug abuse. While this step is a cost-effective way to exclude drug use in most samples, a positive result needs confirmation to be legally acceptable. Those samples provisionally positive in Screening necessitate additional confirmation.
When a sample shows a preliminary positive in the Screening phase, more hair is extracted from the original sample for the Extraction process. During Extraction, drugs are retrieved from hair at much lower concentrations compared to other methods (such as urine or oral fluid), which explains why hair drug screening is a challenging approach.
Confirmation for any positive Screening outcomes is conducted with GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All samples presumed positive are cleaned prior to confirmation when necessary. The entire lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation undergoes review conforming to both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and the accreditation to ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Though commonly referred to as "hair follicle tests," the analysis involves the hair strand rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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