Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair assessments are now recognized as an effective method for identifying alcohol and drug consumption. Hair captures a long-term profile of alcohol and other drugs by embedding biomarkers within the fibers of the developing hair shaft. When sourced near the scalp, hair can offer up to a three-month detection timeframe for alcohol and other drugs. Hair collection is straightforward, not easy to tamper with, and convenient for transportation.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches of roughly 200 hair strands (comparable in size to a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp will yield 100mg of hair, the optimal sample size for screening and validation. For EtG, supplementary, and/or tests beyond 10 panels, a recommendation of 150mg of the sample is advised. We suggest using a jeweler’s scale to weigh the specimen. In the absence of scalp hair, a corresponding quantity of body hair can be used. Head hair specifically pertains to scalp hair. Body hair includes all other types of hair (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The laboratory procedure for processing a drug test outcome involves four primary steps: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning includes the sample's initial integration into a laboratory’s system. This process verifies that the sample was appropriately sealed and transported, assigns a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and addresses supplementary data entry missing from an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening provides an expedient preliminary assessment for drugs of abuse. While Screening serves as a cost-effective method to eliminate drug usage in most samples, any positive screening necessitates confirmation to be considered valid in legal settings. Any samples presumed positive during Screening need further affirmation.
Should a sample show a presumptive positive at the Screening phase, additional hair is taken from the initial sample for Extraction. During Extraction, drugs are isolated from hair at a notably lower concentration than other methods (such as urine or oral fluid), making hair drug screening a challenging methodology.
Verification of positive screening results is performed using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Any presumptive positive samples undergo washing before confirmation as required. The complete laboratory procedure from Accessioning to Confirmation undergoes examination under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair classification and ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Often termed as "hair follicle tests", the actual test scrutinizes the hair shaft rather than the scalp's hair follicle.
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