Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Seen as a potent method, hair testing identifies drug and alcohol consumption through biomarkers trapped in hair strands as they grow. When cut close to the scalp, hair can show up to a 3-month history for drug and alcohol use. Hair collection is straightforward, hard to manipulate, and straightforward to transport.
A 1.5-inch section of approximately 200 hair strands (similar to a #2 pencil) from the scalp will yield 100mg, suitable for both screening and confirmation. For EtG analyses and/or tests beyond 10 panels, 150mg is advised. We suggest using a jeweler’s scale for precise measurement. If scalp hair cannot be collected, a comparable quantity of body hair can be used. In context, head hair refers exclusively to scalp hair. Body hair includes all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The processing of a drug test result in the lab follows four major steps: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning is the initial incorporation of a sample into a lab's database. This step ensures the sample's seal and shipment are intact, assigns an arbitrary LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and adds any necessary data not captured by an electronic custody chain.
Screening is a preliminary assessment for drug traces. While Screening is cost-effective for most samples, court-admissible reports require a confirmed positive screen. Presumptive positives in Screening need further confirmation.
If a Screening result is presumptively positive, more hair from the initial sample undergoes Extraction. Here, drugs are extracted from hair at lower concentrations compared to methodologies like urine or oral fluid tests, underscoring the technical challenge of hair drug screening.
GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS are used to confirm any positive screening outcomes. Before confirmation, samples with presumptive positives are washed when necessary. The entire lab process, from Accessioning to Confirmation, is audited under the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Often termed "hair follicle tests", the procedure actually analyzes the hair strand, not the follicle under the scalp.
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