Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
The utilization of hair testing is increasingly recognized as an effective method for detecting drug and alcohol consumption. Hair retains biomarkers within its fibers, offering an extended history of alcohol and drug use. When obtained near the scalp, hair can offer a detection window of up to roughly 3 months for substances. Collection is straightforward, difficult to tamper with, and convenient for shipping.
A 1.5-inch collection of approximately 200 hair strands (roughly equivalent to the thickness of a #2 pencil) nearest to the scalp yields 100mg of hair, constituting the optimal sample for analysis and confirmation. For tests involving EtG, additional analyses, or those exceeding 10 panels, a specimen mass of 150mg is advised. It is suggested to measure the specimen using a jeweler's scale. If scalp hair is not an option, an equivalent amount of body hair can be used. The term 'head hair' exclusively refers to scalp hair, while 'body hair' includes all other hair categories (such as facial or axillary).
Process Overview
The laboratory process of a drug test result consists of four major phases: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
During Accessioning, a sample is initially processed into the laboratory's system. This step involves verifying appropriate sealing and shipping of the sample, generating a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and performing any supplemental data entry that isn't covered by an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening provides a preliminary check for illicit drugs. Though Screening is an economical approach to exclude drug use for most samples, positive results require confirmation for courtroom admissibility. Any samples showing presumptive positives in Screening necessitate subsequent confirmation.
In cases where samples are presumptively positive at the Screening stage, additional hair is extracted from the initial collection and prepared for the Extraction phase. Here, drugs are retrieved from hair at significantly lower concentrations than with other techniques (like urine or oral fluid), which is why hair drug testing is considered the most challenging method to conduct.
Confirmation of any positive screening outcomes is carried out using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All samples with presumptive positives are cleaned before confirmation as appropriate. The complete laboratory procedure from Accessioning to Confirmation is examined under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and accreditation per ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Though sometimes called "hair follicle tests", what is analyzed is the hair strand, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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