Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis has emerged as an effective method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair can capture a long-term record of alcohol and other drugs by embedding biomarkers within the strands as they grow. When gathered near the scalp, hair can reveal a detection window of up to about 3 months for alcohol and other drugs. Hair is easy to collect, challenging to tamper with, and straightforward to transport.
A 1.5-inch segment of roughly 200 hair strands (equivalent to a #2 pencil's thickness) nearest to the scalp yields 100mg of hair, which is optimal for screening and confirmation. For tests such as EtG, additional panels, or those exceeding 10, a specimen of 150mg is suggested. It's advisable to measure the specimen using a jeweler’s scale. If scalp hair is not available, a similar amount of body hair can be taken. When discussing head hair, we refer solely to scalp hair. Body hair encompasses all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The key stages in the lab processing of a drug test result are Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning includes the initial handling of a sample into a lab’s system. This process involves checking that the sample was properly sealed and sent, allotting a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and completing any supplementary data not provided by an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening involves an initial swift check for drugs of abuse. While it offers a cost-effective way to eliminate drug usage in the bulk of samples, a positive screen requires confirmation to be valid in court. Any samples that test presumptively positive in Screening must undergo secondary confirmation.
If a sample tests presumptively positive at the Screening stage, additional hair is extracted from the initial specimen and readied for Extraction. In this phase, drugs are derived from hair at a substantially lower concentration than other methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), which makes hair drug screening the most challenging methodology.
Confirmation of any positive screening outcome is conducted using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS or LC/MS/MS. All presumptive positive samples are cleansed before confirmation if necessary. The entire lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation is carried out under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Though often called "hair follicle tests", the assessment focuses on the hair strand rather than the follicle beneath the scalp
Why Hair Follicle Testing Beats Urine Testing in Ozawkie, KS
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