Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
The use of hair testing has become recognized as a valuable method for identifying alcohol and drug use. Hair serves as a record of substance use over time by incorporating biomarkers within the strands as they grow. When collected from the area nearest to the scalp, hair samples can offer approximately a 3-month detection timeframe for alcohol and drugs. Hair collection is straightforward, hard to tamper with, and easy to transport.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches in length and consisting of around 200 hairs (akin to the size of a #2 pencil) nearest the scalp yields 100mg of hair, which is optimal for screening and confirmation. For tests like EtG, additional panels, or those exceeding 10 panels, a specimen amounting to 150mg is advised. It is best practice to use a jeweler’s scale for weighing the hair sample. Should scalp hair be inaccessible, a similar quantity of body hair is acceptable. When mentioning head hair, we specifically mean scalp hair. Body hair includes all other types (such as facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The drug test procedure in the laboratory encompasses four primary steps: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning entails the initial introduction of a sample into a lab's system. This phase involves ensuring the sample was correctly sealed and sent, allocating a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and filling in any data entry gaps not addressed by an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening involves a preliminary assessment for drug misuse. While it is cost-effective for excluding drug use in most samples, a positive screen mandates confirmation to be valid in legal proceedings. Any samples flagged as possibly positive during Screening require further verification.
When a sample tests presumptively positive in the Screening stage, additional hair is taken from the original sample for Extraction. Here, drugs are drawn from hair at concentrations lower than other methods (such as urine or oral fluid), highlighting hair drug testing as particularly challenging.
Confirming any positive screen result is performed using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All tentative positive samples undergo washing before confirmation if necessary. The comprehensive laboratory procedure from Accessioning to Confirmation is conducted under the oversight of both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair standard and the ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation.
Benefits of hair drug testing:
Drawbacks:
Note: Although termed "hair follicle tests", the analysis is performed on the hair strand, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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