Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing is increasingly recognized as an effective means for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. By capturing biomarkers within the strands, hair offers a long-term record of substance use. When cut near the scalp, it can reflect alcohol and drug usage over a span of up to three months. Hair samples are straightforward to collect, challenging to tamper with, and are straightforward for shipping.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches consisting of roughly 200 hair strands, akin to the thickness of a #2 pencil, provides about 100mg—perfect for screening and confirmation. For EtG, additional tests, or panels exceeding 10, a specimen amount of 150mg is advisable. We suggest using a jeweler's scale for weighing the sample. In the absence of scalp hair, an equivalent measure of body hair can be used. 'Head hair' pertains solely to scalp hair, while 'body hair' encompasses all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
Laboratory processing of a drug test result involves four primary steps: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
In Accessioning, a sample is initially managed within the lab's system by confirming its proper sealing and shipping, assigning a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and completing any pending information not input electronically.
Screening is a preliminary check for drug abuse and serves as a cost-effective measure to largely rule out drug presence. However, a positive result requires confirmation to be court-admissible. Samples indicating presumptive positives need secondary verification.
If the Screening stage yields a presumptive positive, additional hair is taken from the initial sample for Extraction. Here, substances are extracted at lower concentrations compared to other methods (like urine or oral fluids), highlighting the complexity of hair drug screening.
Any positive results from the screening are confirmed via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Presumptive positive samples are washed as necessary before confirmation. The whole lab process, from Accessioning to Confirmation, is reviewed under CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair standards and involves ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Often termed as "hair follicle tests", the test evaluates the hair strand itself rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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