Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing is increasingly recognized as an effective method for detecting drug and alcohol consumption. The hair captures a long-term record of substances by incorporating biomarkers within the strands as they grow. When collected near the scalp, hair can offer up to a roughly 3-month timeframe for detecting alcohol and drugs. It is straightforward to collect, relatively tamper-resistant, and convenient to ship.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches from about 200 hair strands (approximately equivalent to a #2 pencil) next to the scalp will yield 100mg, which is the optimal amount for screening and confirmation. For EtG, additional tests, and/or panels exceeding 10, a 150mg specimen is advised. Using a jeweler’s scale to weigh the specimen is recommended. If scalp hair cannot be obtained, the same quantity of body hair may be utilized. When mentioning head hair, only scalp hair is implied. Body hair includes all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The four primary phases in the laboratory processing of a drug test result are Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning covers the initial processing of a specimen into the laboratory's system. This encompasses verifying that the specimen was properly sealed and shipped, assigning a random Laboratory Accessioning Number (LAN), and completing additional data entry if not provided by the electronic chain of custody system.
Screening involves an initial swift assessment for drugs of abuse. Screening provides a cost-effective method to rule out drug use for most samples; however, a positive screening result requires confirmation to be admissible in court. Samples with positive indications in Screening require secondary confirmation.
When a sample yields a presumptive positive in the Screening phase, additional hair is retrieved from the initial sample and prepared for Extraction. At this stage, drugs are extracted from hair at significantly lower concentrations compared to other methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), contributing to the complexity of conducting hair drug screening.
Confirmation of any positive screening is performed using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptively positive samples undergo washing prior to confirmation as necessary. The complete laboratory process from Accessioning to Confirmation is scrutinized under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 standards accreditation.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although often dubbed as "hair follicle tests," the analysis actually assesses the hair strand and not the follicle beneath the scalp.
Superior Hair Testing over Standard Urine Tests in Babbitt, NV illustrates advanced detection. Hair follicle tests match reliability with profound accuracy, surpassing traditional methods.
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