Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Using hair assessment is recognized as an efficient method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair captures a long-term record of alcohol and drug use by embedding biomarkers within the strands of developing hair. When sourced near the scalp, hair can present a detection period extending up to roughly 90 days for alcohol and other substances. Hair collection is straightforward, hard to tamper with, and straightforward to transport.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches of about 200 hair strands (roughly equivalent to a #2 pencil) nearest the scalp provides 100mg of hair, which is the optimal sample size for screening and validation. For EtG, supplementary testing, and assays beyond 10 panels, 150mg of the sample is suggested. It's advisable to weigh the specimen using a jeweler’s scale. If scalp hair can't be obtained, collecting an equivalent quantity of body hair is permissible. When mentioning head hair, it pertains solely to scalp hair. Body hair encompasses all other hair varieties (e.g., facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The four primary phases in the laboratory evaluation of a drug test result are Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning entails the initial assimilation of a specimen into the lab’s system. This process verifies that the sample was appropriately sealed and dispatched, assigns a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and concludes any extra data input not supported by an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening entails a preliminary rapid assessment for drugs of abuse. While Screening is a cost-effective approach to eliminate drug use in most samples, a confirmed positive screen is required for legal admissibility. Any samples deemed presumptively positive during Screening must undergo further confirmation.
When a sample is deemed presumptively positive in the Screening stage, additional hair is extracted from the original specimen for Extraction. At this phase, drugs are isolated from hair at a much lower concentration than in alternative methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), making hair drug screening the most challenging method to conduct.
Confirmation of any positive screening outcome is executed using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptive positive samples are cleansed prior to confirmation as necessary. The comprehensive laboratory process from Accessioning to Confirmation is audited under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and the accreditation to ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Frequently referred to as "hair follicle tests", the analysis examines the hair strand, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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