Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing is now recognized as a potent method for identifying drug and alcohol usage. Hair can capture a long-term record of alcohol and drugs by embedding biomarkers within the fibers as the hair grows. When clipped near the scalp, it can reveal up to a 3-month timeframe for detecting alcohol and other drugs. Hair collection is straightforward, resistant to tampering, and easy for transportation.
A sample totaling 1.5 inches from approximately 200 hair strands (roughly the thickness of a #2 pencil) nearest to the scalp will produce 100mg of hair, which is optimal for both screening and confirmation. For EtG add-ons or tests exceeding 10 panels, it's advisable to have 150mg of the sample. We advise utilizing a jeweler’s scale for weighing. Should scalp hair be unobtainable, a similar amount of body hair can be used. When we mention head hair, it refers solely to scalp hair. Body hair encompasses all other types, including facial and axillary.
Process Overview
Four principal steps define the lab processing of a drug test outcome: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning encompasses the primary intake of a sample into the laboratory's protocol. This phase ensures the sample was appropriately sealed and dispatched, attributes a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and fulfills outstanding data entry omitted from an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening involves a preliminary, swift assessment for drug abuse. Although Screening is a budget-friendly approach to excluding drug consumption for most samples, confirmation is essential for court acceptance of positive findings. Any samples yielding a presumptive positive in Screening demand further confirmation.
When a sample shows a presumptive positive in Screening, additional hair is extracted from the initial submission to prepare for Extraction. Here, drugs are extracted from hair at a significantly lower concentration than other methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), explaining why hair drug testing poses complexity.
Confirming any positive screening result is achieved through GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Presumptive positive samples undergo necessary washing before confirmation. The comprehensive lab process, from Accessioning to Confirmation, is reviewed under CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair guidelines and accredited to ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although termed "hair follicle tests," the actual test assesses the hair strand, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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