Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair testing has emerged as an effective technique for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair offers a chronological record of alcohol and drug usage by embedding biomarkers within the strands of growing hair. When extracted near the scalp, hair can reveal drug and alcohol usage within a roughly 3-month timeframe. It is easy to gather, challenging to tamper with, and straightforward to transport.
A sample of 1.5 inches, consisting of about 200 hair strands (approximately the diameter of a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp, yields 100mg of hair, ideal for both examination and validation. For EtG, additional tests, and/or analyses exceeding 10 panels, a specimen of 150mg is necessary. We suggest assessing the specimen using a jeweler’s scale. Should scalp hair be inaccessible, an equivalent amount of body hair is permissible. Reference to head hair specifically means scalp hair, while body hair encompasses all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The key phases in processing a drug test in the lab include Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning entails the preliminary registration of a sample in a lab system. It involves confirming the sample was adequately sealed and shipped, allocating a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and completing any supplementary data entry absent from an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening consists of a preliminary rapid test for drugs of abuse. Even though Screening offers a cost-effective strategy to dismiss drug use in most samples, a positive result must be confirmed to be accepted legally. Samples that show a presumptive positive result in Screening necessitate a follow-up confirmation.
Should a sample indicate a presumptive positive in the Screening phase, additional hair is extracted from the initial sample and prepared for Extraction. Here, drug compounds are extracted from hair at significantly lower concentrations than other methodologies (e.g., urine or oral fluid), which underscores the complexity of hair drug testing methods.
Confirmation of positive screening results is executed through GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS techniques. All presumptively positive samples undergo washing prior to necessary confirmation. The complete lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation is evaluated under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: While often mislabeled as "hair follicle tests", the analysis focuses on the hair strand, not the scalp’s follicle.
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