Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair examinations have emerged as a potent method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair retains a long-term record of alcohol and other substances by embedding biomarkers within the fibers of the expanding strand. When acquired near the scalp, this method can offer a detection timeframe of up to approximately 90 days for alcohol and drugs. Hair is straightforward to gather, relatively resistant to tampering, and simple to transport.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches with roughly 200 hair strands (approximately the thickness of a #2 pencil) nearest to the scalp yields 100mg, the optimal amount for both screening and confirmation processes. For EtG assessments, add-ons, and/or analyses exceeding 10 panels, a 150mg sample is advisable. It's suggested to weigh the specimen using a jeweler’s scale. If scalp hair isn’t an option, an equivalent amount of body hair is acceptable. In terms of head hair, this denotes scalp hair only. Body hair encompasses all other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
There are four key stages in the lab analysis of a drug test: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
During Accessioning, the sample undergoes initial processing within the lab’s framework. This step verifies appropriate sealing and shipment of the sample, assigns it a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and finalizes any additional data entry not covered by an electronic custody chain system.
Screening functions as a preliminary and rapid evaluation for drug abuse. While it is an economical method to rule out drug use for most samples, a positive Screening needs confirmation to be valid in legal scenarios. Samples positively indicated in Screening necessitate additional verification.
Should a sample show a presumptive positive in Screening, additional hair is extracted from the initial sample and readied for Extraction. Here, drugs are isolated from hair in significantly lower concentrations compared to other techniques (e.g., urine or oral fluid), underscoring the complexity of hair drug screenings.
The Confirmation of positive screening outcomes is performed via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Presumptive positives are washed as necessary before confirmation. The comprehensive lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation is evaluated under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 standards accreditation.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Often termed as "hair follicle tests", these tests analyze the hair strand rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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