Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis is increasingly recognized as a robust method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair retains a prolonged record of alcohol and other substances by embedding biomarkers within the hair shaft as it grows. Collected near the scalp, hair offers a detection period of roughly three months for alcohol and substance use. Hair collection is straightforward, challenging to tamper with, and convenient to transport.
A 1.5-inch collection of 200 hair strands (comparable to the thickness of a #2 pencil) near the scalp provides 100mg, which is the preferred sample size for both initial tests and verifications. For testing EtG, additional tests, or panels beyond ten, 150mg of hair is suggested. The specimen should be weighed using a jeweler's scale. In the absence of scalp hair, a comparable amount of body hair can be collected. References to head hair specifically mean scalp hair only, while body hair encompasses all other hair types, such as facial and axillary.
Process Overview
The laboratory processing of drug test outcomes involves the primary stages of Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning begins the sample's entry into the lab's procedures, ensuring the sample's proper sealing and shipment, linking it with a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and handling any data entry not completed by a digital chain of custody.
Screening offers preliminary results for potential drug abuse. It is a cost-efficient method to eliminate drug use in most cases, but any positive results from Screening necessitate verification for court purposes. Samples that test positive in Screening require further Confirmation testing.
In the event of a presumptive positive outcome in Screening, additional hair from the initial sample is utilized for Extraction. This stage extracts drugs from hair at much lower concentrations than methods like urine or oral fluid, underscoring the complexity of hair drug analysis.
Verification of positive screenings is executed via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Presumptive positive samples undergo washing prior to Confirmation as needed. The complete laboratory protocol from Accessioning to Confirmation is audited under the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and adherence to ISO / IEC 17025 criteria.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although termed "hair follicle tests", the analysis focuses on the hair shaft, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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