Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair drug and alcohol detection has gained recognition as a crucial method. It captures a long-term record of substance use by embedding biomarkers within the hair fiber. When sourced close to the scalp, hair can offer a detection timeframe of up to about three months for drugs and alcohol. Hair is straightforward to collect, hard to adulterate, and convenient to transport.
A 1.5-inch sample comprising roughly 200 hair strands (equivalent to the width of a #2 pencil) nearest to the scalp yields 100mg of hair, the preferred sample size for screening and verification. For EtG, add-ons, and/or tests exceeding 10 panels, a 150mg sample is suggested. Use a jeweler’s scale for specimen weighing. In the absence of scalp hair, a similar amount of body hair can be gathered. "Head hair" pertains exclusively to scalp hair, while "body hair" encompasses all other types (e.g., facial, axillary).
Process Overview
The laboratory processing of drug tests involves four core stages: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning consists of initially processing a sample into the lab system, confirming proper sealing and shipment, assigning a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and performing any additional data input not provided through an electronic chain of custody.
Screening is an initial, rapid assessment for drug misuse. Although Screening serves as a cost-efficient way to rule out drug use in most samples, a positive result requires court-admissible confirmation. Any samples presumptively positive in Screening necessitate a secondary confirmation.
If a sample is presumptively positive at the Screening stage, more hair is drawn from the original specimen for Extraction. In this phase, drugs are extracted from hair at much lower concentrations than alternative methods (e.g., urine or oral fluids), making hair drug screening one of the most challenging methodologies.
Confirmation of any positive screening outcome is conducted through GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptively positive samples undergo washing before confirmation if needed. The complete laboratory process, from Accessioning to Confirmation, is examined under both CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Commonly called "hair follicle tests," the analysis pertains to hair strands, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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