Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Recognized as a potent asset in identifying drug and alcohol usage, hair testing captures a timeline of substance use by encapsulating biomarkers within the hair shaft's fibers as it grows. Harvested near the scalp, hair samples can yield a detection period of nearly three months for both alcohol and drugs. With its straightforward collection process, relative resistance to tampering, and ease of shipping, hair makes for an effective testing medium.
A 1.5-inch section consisting of roughly 200 strands of hair (comparable to a #2 pencil) near the scalp provides 100mg, the optimal quantity for both screening and confirmation tests. When it comes to EtG, additional analyses, and/or examinations exceeding 10 panels, 150mg is suggested. It's advisable to weigh the sample using a jeweler’s scale. In cases where scalp hair isn't available, a similar quantity of body hair is acceptable. Here, head hair specifically implies scalp hair, while body hair encompasses all other types of hair (such as facial and axillary hair).
Process Overview
The laboratory steps for producing a drug test result involve Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
During Accessioning, a sample is prepared for the laboratory’s system, which involves ensuring the sample was properly sealed and transported, assigning a random Laboratory Accessioning Number (LAN), and finalizing data input not covered by an electronic chain of custody.
Screening is a preliminary examination for commonly abused substances. While it is a cost-effective method to rule out drug use, a positive result in Screening must be confirmed for judicial acceptance. Presumptively positive samples identified in Screening require a follow-up confirmation.
In cases of presumptive positive results during Screening, additional hair is extracted from the original sample and prepped for Extraction. At this juncture, substances are drawn out from hair at concentrations much lower than seen in alternative methodologies (like urine or oral fluid), rendering hair drug screening one of the more challenging modes to execute.
Positively screened results undergo Confirmation via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All samples with presumptive positive outcomes undergo washing before confirmation if necessary. The comprehensive lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation is overseen by both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Commonly termed "hair follicle tests," the analysis primarily focuses on the hair shaft itself, rather than the follicle situated beneath the scalp.
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