Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis has increasingly been acknowledged as an effective instrument for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair retains a long-term record of alcohol and various substances by embedding biomarkers within the developing hair's fibers. When acquired near the scalp, hair offers up to a 3-month observation period for alcohol and drugs. It is easy to gather, hard to tamper with, and convenient to send.
A sample of 1.5 inches from around 200 hair strands (roughly the size of a #2 pencil) nearest to the scalp yields 100mg of hair, which is the optimal quantity for both initial and confirmatory testing. For EtG, supplementary, or tests exceeding 10 panels, 150mg of the sample is advised. It’s suggested to measure the sample using a jeweler's scale. In the absence of scalp hair, a comparable quantity of body hair can be collected. When mentioning head hair, we're specifically referring to scalp hair exclusively. Body hair encompasses all other hair types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The laboratory processing of a drug test result comprises four key stages: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning is the initial stage where a sample is processed into a lab's system. This step entails verifying proper sealing and shipment of the sample, assigning a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and completing any additional data entry not obtained by an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening is a rapid initial test for drug presence. Although Screening provides a cost-effective means of ruling out drug consumption in most samples, a confirmed positive screen is essential for legal admissibility. Any samples that test presumptively positive during Screening require further confirmation.
For specimens that test presumptively positive at the Screening phase, additional hair is taken from the original sample and processed for Extraction. At this phase, drugs are extracted from hair at significantly lower concentrations compared to other methods (e.g., urine, oral fluid), making hair drug analysis the most challenging methodology.
Positive screening results undergo Confirmation via GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All samples that test presumptively positive undergo washing prior to confirmation as necessary. From Accessioning to Confirmation, the entire lab process is evaluated under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation and ISO / IEC 17025 accreditation standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although often called "hair follicle tests", these tests examine the hair strand rather than the follicle underneath the scalp.
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