Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis is recognized as a robust method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. Hair captures a prolonged history of substance use by storing biomarkers inside its fibers as it grows. When samples are taken near the scalp, hair can reveal a 3-month usage timeline for alcohol and drugs. It is straightforward to gather, less prone to tampering, and convenient to transport.
A sample measuring 1.5 inches with roughly 200 hairs (similar to the diameter of a #2 pencil) taken from the scalp amounts to 100mg, which is the optimum sample for testing and validation. For EtG, add-ons, or inspections that exceed 10 panels, 150mg is advised. The specimen can be weighed with a jeweler's scale. If scalp hair cannot be used, a comparable amount of body hair is permissible. When mentioning head hair, it specifically refers to scalp hair, while body hair encompasses other hair forms (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The lab processing for drug testing comprises four key stages: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning is the initial sample handling within the laboratory's system. This process checks that the sample is sealed and shipped correctly, assigns a random LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and includes any data entry that's absent from an electronic chain of custody record.
Screening provides a preliminary assessment for drugs of abuse. Although Screening offers an economical method to eliminate drug use from most samples, any positive results must be confirmed for legal acceptability. Presumptive positives through Screening necessitate secondary confirmation.
In the Screening process, if a sample tests presumptively positive, additional hair from the original sample is set aside for Extraction. Here, substances are extracted from hair at notably lower concentrations compared to other methods (like urine or oral fluid), highlighting that hair drug testing is a more complex procedure.
Confirmation of any positive screen is performed using techniques such as GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptive positive samples undergo washing before confirmation as necessary. The entire lab procedure from Accessioning to Confirmation adheres to both CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair designation standards and the accreditation for ISO / IEC 17025.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Commonly called "hair follicle tests", this test assesses the hair strand rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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