Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis is recognized as an effective method for identifying substance consumption. The strands offer an extended history of drug and alcohol usage by encasing biomarkers within the growing hair fibers. When cut near the head, hair can reveal a detection window of up to about three months for alcohol and drugs. It's straightforward to collect, hard to tamper with, and simple to transport.
A segment measuring 1.5 inches with around 200 hairs (similar in diameter to a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp will produce 100mg, which is suitable for testing and verification. For results involving EtG, add-ons, or more than 10-panel tests, 150mg is advised. Using a jeweler’s scale for weighing is suggested. In cases where scalp hair is not available, an equivalent portion of body hair can be utilized. Referring to head hair implies scalp hair exclusively, while body hair encompasses other types (facial, axillary, etc.).
Process Overview
The procedure for analyzing a drug test result in the lab comprises Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning is the first step in integrating a sample into the lab system. This process ensures the sample's proper sealing and dispatch, assigns an arbitrary LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and completes any unrecorded data entry not provided through an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening is a preliminary assessment for substances of abuse. Although Screening offers a cost-effective means to discount drug use in most cases, a positive result demands confirmation to hold in legal settings. Samples that are initially positive in Screening require further validation.
If a sample tests positive during Screening, more hair is taken from the original sample and prepared for Extraction. In this stage, substances are extracted from hair at a far lower concentration than other methods (e.g., urine or oral fluid), highlighting the complexity of hair drug testing.
The Confirmation process for any positive Screening results involves using GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. Before confirmation, any samples that tested positive are cleaned as necessary. The entire lab process from Accessioning to Confirmation is scrutinized under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair classification and the accreditation of ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Although commonly labeled as "hair follicle tests", the analysis actually evaluates the hair strand, not the follicle beneath the scalp.
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