Urine| Hair Follicle | Oral Fluid | Blood | ETG
Hair analysis has emerged as an effective method for identifying drug and alcohol consumption. It provides an extended timeline of substance usage by embedding biomarkers within the fibers of the developing hair strand. Collected near the scalp, hair samples can reveal drug and alcohol usage history for up to nearly three months. This type of testing is straightforward to collect, fairly resistant to tampering, and convenient to transport.
An ideal hair sample for both initial screening and additional confirmation consists of a 1.5-inch section of approximately 200 hair strands (around the width of a #2 pencil) closest to the scalp, amounting to 100mg. For EtG, extra tests, and/or panels exceeding ten, a 150mg sample is preferred. Utilizing a jeweler’s scale to weigh the sample is advised. Should scalp hair be inaccessible, a similar quantity of body hair can be used. In this context, "head hair" refers exclusively to scalp hair, whereas "body hair" includes other types such as facial or axillary hair.
Process Overview
There are four primary stages in the lab analysis of drug testing results: Accessioning, Screening, Extraction, and Confirmation.
Accessioning incorporates the preliminary handling of a sample within a lab's system, including ensuring the sample was securely sealed and correctly shipped, attributing a unique LAN (Laboratory Accessioning Number), and adding any missing data not available through an electronic chain of custody system.
Screening consists of an initial brief assessment for substance abuse. It’s an economical way to rule out drug use in most samples. Yet, a positive screen requires additional confirmation to be considered viable in legal contexts. Any presumptive positives found during Screening necessitate a subsequent confirmation.
When a specimen tests presumptively positive during Screening, more hair is retrieved from the original sample and readied for Extraction. This phase involves isolating drugs from hair at a substantially reduced concentration compared to other methods such as urine or saliva tests, explaining why hair drug analysis is notably challenging to conduct.
Confirmed positive results from Screening are verified through techniques such as GC/MS, GC/MS/MS, or LC/MS/MS. All presumptive positive samples undergo washing before verification as necessary. The end-to-end lab validation from Accessioning to Confirmation is scrutinized under both the CAP (College of American Pathologists) Hair criteria and adherence to ISO / IEC 17025 standards.
Advantages of hair drug testing:
Limitations:
Note: Commonly called "hair follicle tests", the procedure evaluates the hair strand itself rather than the follicle beneath the scalp.
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